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If you have a rough idea of the date, “ca.” (for circa) can be used, e.g. You may choose not to cite “year of release” if it is the same year as the recording date.
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Usually, musical citations without a date are unacceptable, but if they must be used, “n.d.” (for no date) can be substituted. If no date can be located, CMOS recommends consulting a library catalog or another source. General audiovisual guidelines apply to music recordings. This is sometimes necessary information, in both television shows and films, especially if there are extended or remastered editions in circulation. For instance, in the above television example, if you are working from Netflix instead of a Blu-Ray recording, you would replace “Paramount, 2012, Blu-Ray” with “”. Note: If you are accessing the show via a streaming service rather than on physical media, you can replace everything after the airing information with the relevant URL. Aired February 13, 1989, in broadcast syndication. Season 2, episode 9, “The Measure of a Man.” Directed by Robert Scheerer, featuring Patrick Stewart, Brent Spiner, and Whoopi Goldberg. The order of the elements listed-and whether or not they will be included-depends not only on the nature of the source, but also whether a part or the whole source is cited, and whether a particular contributor is the focus of the citation.
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General Model for Citing Film, Television, and Other Recorded Media in Chicago Style
#THE NORTON READER 14TH EDITION PUBLISHER MLA CITATION HOW TO#
Note that the examples below are in the Notes and Bibliography (NB) format. .7th Edition: The Reference List This guide provides examples of how to cite sources using the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style. Entries for recorded material found online should also include a DOI or URL.įor audiovisual materials that are Internet-based, like YouTube videos or podcasts, see the OWL's page on citing Web Sources in CMOS. Citations for such recorded media usually include some or all of the following information: name of the person primarily responsible for the content of the recording (composer, writer, performer, etc.),a title, recording company or publisher’s name, identifying number, an indication of medium (DVD, videocassette, etc.), and a copyright and/or production/performance date. This resource explains how to cite film, television, and other audiovisual materials. Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia